In April 2025, the Murshidabad district of West Bengal became the epicenter of intense protests against the newly enacted Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025. The demonstrations, initially peaceful, escalated into violent confrontations, prompting the Calcutta High Court to intervene by ordering the deployment of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) to restore order.
Background of the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025
The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, introduced significant changes to the administration of Waqf properties in India. Critics argued that the amendments infringed upon religious freedoms and minority rights, leading to widespread concerns, particularly among Muslim communities. In West Bengal, which has a substantial Muslim population, the Act was met with strong opposition. Various groups organized protests to express their dissatisfaction. Despite assurances from Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee that the Act would not be enforced in West Bengal, demonstrations intensified, particularly in Murshidabad district.
Escalation of Protests in Murshidabad
Between April 8 and April 13, 2025, Murshidabad witnessed a series of violent incidents. Protesters blocked National Highway 12, set ablaze police vehicles, attacked a local Member of Parliament’s office, and disrupted train services at Nimtita railway station. The unrest resulted in three fatalities, injuries to at least 15 policemen, and the displacement of over 400 individuals, who sought shelter in neighboring Malda district. The violence included rock throwing, looting, arson, and mobbing, causing widespread damage to public and private property.
Calcutta High Court's Intervention
In response to the escalating violence, the Calcutta High Court took suo motu cognizance of the situation. On April 12, 2025, the court ordered the immediate deployment of CAPF in Murshidabad to assist local authorities in maintaining law and order. The court emphasized that it could not turn a blind eye to the reports of vandalism and unrest. It directed the state and central governments to submit detailed reports on the measures taken to control the situation.
Furthermore, the court instructed the state government to form a committee, including members from human rights commissions, to rehabilitate victims and monitor the process. The court also imposed restrictions on provocative speeches in the area to prevent further escalation of tensions.
Political Reactions
The deployment of central forces sparked political debates. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) criticized the state government for its handling of the situation and demanded a thorough investigation into the violence. The Trinamool Congress (TMC), the ruling party in West Bengal, alleged external involvement in the protests and accused opposition parties of politicizing the issue.
Current Status and Implications
As of April 23, 2025, the situation in Murshidabad remains tense but under control, with CAPF maintaining a strong presence in the district. Over 150 individuals have been arrested in connection with the violence. The Calcutta High Court continues to monitor the rehabilitation efforts and has mandated regular updates from the state government.
The events in Murshidabad highlight the challenges of implementing nationwide legislation in a diverse country like India, where regional sentiments and religious sensitivities play a significant role. The situation underscores the importance of inclusive policymaking and the need for effective communication between the government and the communities it serves.