In April 2025, West Bengal's Murshidabad district witnessed a surge of violence following protests against the newly enacted Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025. The unrest resulted in three fatalities, over 274 arrests, and significant disruptions to daily life.
The Waqf (Amendment) Act, passed by both Houses of Parliament and receiving presidential assent on April 5, 2025, introduced changes to the management of Waqf properties, which are endowments made by Muslims for religious or charitable purposes. Critics argued that the amendments infringed upon religious freedoms and minority rights, leading to widespread concerns, particularly among Muslim communities.
In Murshidabad, a district with a substantial Muslim population, protests escalated rapidly. Demonstrators blocked National Highway 12, set police vehicles ablaze, and disrupted train services at Nimtita railway station. The office of local Member of Parliament Khalilur Rahaman was also attacked. On April 12, a violent mob attack resulted in the deaths of Hargobind Das and his son Chandan Das, while a 17-year-old, Izaz Ahmed Sheikh, died from gunshot wounds.
In response, the Calcutta High Court ordered the deployment of central forces, including the Border Security Force (BSF), to restore order. The state government imposed Section 144 in affected areas, restricting public gatherings, and suspended internet services to prevent the spread of misinformation. Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee announced that the Waqf (Amendment) Act would not be implemented in West Bengal, attributing the violence to political parties misusing religion for political gain.
The violence led to the displacement of over 400 individuals, including women and children, who sought refuge in neighboring Malda district. Relief camps were established to provide shelter and basic necessities. As the situation gradually stabilized, authorities continued efforts to maintain peace and address the underlying concerns of the affected communities.